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Close suggestions Search Search. User Settings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. The citrus, cattle, agriculture, and the phosphate industries still play vital roles in the local economy.
But Polk County is also at the center of a logistics and technological boom that is attracting companies from all over the world.
Polk, with a population topping , residents, offers a pro-business environment that is ideal to developing workforce talent and has a low operating cost. To apply for a local competency card with Polk County, an applicant must submit an application to the Polk County Building Division.
If the applicant meets the criteria, he or she can sit for the required business law and trade exam s and earn a score of 75 percent or higher. You may also contact the Contractor Licensing staff at contractorlicensing polk-county. The mission of the CFDC is to grow an economy based on high-skill, high-wage sustainable businesses.
Polk County has created an economic development Impact Fee mitigation program for certain Qualified Target Industry Businesses or Owners to mitigate any real or perceived disadvantage occurring from the imposition of impact fees. To be eligible, the Qualified Target Industry Business must meet certain criteria related to job creation with target salary levels or minimum capital investments.
If the application meets all of the qualification criteria, a proposed mitigation agreement will be presented to the Board of County Commissioners for consideration. For more information about the criteria or application process, please contact the Central Florida Economic Development Council at I and For more information, please contact the Planner on Call at planneroncall polk-county.
Timeline: Requests not involving an alcoholic distance variance are typically reviewed in 5- 7 days. Requests involving an alcoholic distance variance, require a public hearing before the Land Use Hearing Officer.
The public hearing is typically held two months from the application deadline and the Land Use Hearing Officer typically renders his or her decision 15 days following the public hearing date. Businesses located within a municipality may also be subject to a municipal business tax. Check with the applicable municipal government for more information. One of the best places to start when you have selected a potential location for a business is to contact the Planner on Call to find out what land use approvals may be required.
They can be reached at PlanneronCall polk-county. We recommend always confirming the land use requirements before buying or leasing property for a business. You might even consider requesting a Pre-Application meeting to get feedback from the Development Review Committee.
Please consult with the planner on call to identify the range of approvals that may be required to determine an estimated timeframe for your project. The training explains the bidding process from start to finish and is offered on the 3rd Tuesday of each month. Palatka, the County Seat is located on the St. Johns River, one of the few rivers in the world that actually flows north. Johns County, in northeast Florida, is a highly-desirable, amenity-rich location of choice for starting, relocating, or expanding your business.
Bordered by the scenic Atlantic Ocean and St. Johns River, St. Johns County embraces its historic heritage and uniquely diverse communities such as the City of St. Augustine — the Nation's Oldest City; St. Capitalizing on its global appeal, St. Johns County is poised for economic growth through its strategic location, favorable climate, local economic development incentives, and outstanding community services. The St. Johns County Economic Development Office is the county's designated official economic development partner organization with Enterprise Florida.
The Department provides assistance to businesses interested in locating and expanding into the County, including site selection, incentive negotiation, and other due-diligence requests. They manage the local ED incentive program and work with Enterprise Florida to facilitate local projects accessing state-level incentive tools. Land Development Code Approval: www. Also, if the business is located within the City of St.
Augustine or the City of St. Augustine Beach, then a municipal receipt will need to be obtained from the corresponding entity before the St. Johns County Tax Collector office will issue a business tax receipt. For additional information pertaining to the City of St. Washington County is one of the few counties to successfully blend a rural quality of life with state-of-the-art business amenities.
Progressive county and town governments have embraced one-stop permitting, property tax abatements and partial waiver of municipal tax on electrical energy.
Within the City of Chipley is the Chipley Redevelopment Agency which offers low-cost loans and grants to qualifying businesses. Quality businesses and industries are welcome. Lucie County lies within a four-county region, referred to as the Treasure Coast. There are many reasons to choose St. Lucie County, Florida as a place to relocate, expand or launch your business. As an emerging region for cutting edge companies St.
Lucie is pushing the frontiers of research in life sciences, bio-technology, energy, aviation, information technology and manufacturing. This competitive location also provides a spectacular setting in which to work and play. From our expanding tourism, vibrant farming community, growing industrial presence, our strong military ties, to our top-notch schools, it is no surprise that Santa Rosa County is one of the fastest growing counties in the United States.
Located in the western tip of the Florida Panhandle, makes large cities such as Houston, Nashville and Orlando easily accessible. In Santa Rosa County, a business located within a city or town limit requires both a municipal license and a county license to operate.
If the nature of a business takes employees inside a city limit to conduct business even though the business establishment is in the county, it may be necessary to obtain a city license also. All business owners, persons or firms owning, leasing, consigning or renting tangible property in Santa Rosa County on January 1 must file a Tangible Personal Property tax return DR with the property appraiser unless a waiver to file a return was previously granted.
Returns and waiver notifications are mailed annually in January. Its strategic location in the Orlando-Metro Region of Central Florida makes Seminole County easily accessible to major cities, airports, ports, institutions of higher education and consumer and business markets.
The basis of the Code Enforcement Program rests upon each of you acting as good neighbors. You all have property rights that protect you; however, the term "property rights" also implies that a property owner has certain responsibilities. No property within the unincorporated areas of Seminole County may be used or maintained in a manner which downgrades the value, use, enjoyment or safety of your own or a surrounding property.
Where manufacturing is alive and well. Where ingenuity is rewarded. Sumter County is in the middle of it all, at the crossroads of the Florida Turnpike and Interstate; near Orlando, Tampa and the treasure trove of opportunities that await you in the heart of the Sunshine State.
Industry, agriculture, ecology, record-setting commercial and residential development, are all woven into the fabric of our community…supported by a government that believes in serving you, not the other way around.
Intergovernmental coordination for land planning Concurrency determinations Population and demographics Floodplain management. Committed to thoughtful, planned growth and responsible land stewardship, citizens, business leaders, and government officials worked together to create a solid economic development roadmap for the future, including an unparalleled , acre Master Development Plan supporting regional employment centers, mixed-used residential communities, and large-scale agricultural preservation space.
Industry leaders from across the country and around the world will find a perfect trifecta in Taylor County: large tracts of land approved for development, quick access to a wide range of multi-modal transportation solutions and an outstanding quality of life.
A significant benefit of relocating to Taylor County is the reduced cost of doing business. Its cooperation between local, county and state governments is excellent. Its economy relies on agriculture, timber, trucking and the Florida Department of Corrections. The Union County School System is comprised of one high school, one middle school, one elementary school, an alternative school and adult education.
They enrich our communities by providing employment for thousands and by attracting visitors, revenue streams and new professional talent to the area. Building permits, Business tax, Commercial swimming pool permits, Commercial collection and waste tire transportation licenses, Film permits, Septic tank permits, well permits and irrigation permits, Tree removal permits, Vehicle registrations, Wetland alteration permits, and Zoning changes and variances.
Graphics: This office is responsible for coordinating the addresses for all properties within the unincorporated Volusia County as well as working with the municipalities within the county to provide consistent addressing within protocol standards; and provides specialized graphics and mapping services as required by Growth and Resource Management Department and other county departments. Land Development: This office is responsible for coordinating all technical reviews for commercial sites, subdivisions, stormwater management, tree removal, flood hazard, wetland alteration, subdivision exemptions, and right-of-way use permit applications, as well as other applications involving development review, under the Land Development Code of Volusia County.
Planning: This office is primarily responsible for preparation, coordination and implementation of the Volusia County Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Ordinance. The plan provides guidance for the physical growth of the county through the development of sound plans, programs and policies. Zoning: The office is responsible for administering the Volusia County Zoning Ordinance and related land use regulations through the review of applications for building permits, site plans, subdivisions, and business tax receipts.
The staff provides assistance to the public with questions related to the zoning code such as zoning classifications, dimensional requirements, permitted land uses, and supplemental standards. In addition, staff responds to requests for zoning verifications, determinations, and Florida Department of Environmental Protection coastal review letters.
Home to the beautiful Wakulla Springs, a large array of recreation opportunities and the best seafood in the area, Wakulla has seen exponential growth in the last twenty years.
New businesses coming to the area can work one-on-one with our development review staff to ensure a smooth approval process for their venture. New construction containing 20, square feet of building floor area or less proceeds through an administrative review, while larger projects are reviewed through a public hearing process. The County aims to support business growth through a fair and efficient development review process.
The Walton County business community is diverse and expanding. Top industries are tourism, hospitality, distribution, and logistics. Housing and building construction and various retail facilities with access to I and CSX railroad have found Walton County to be an ideal location.
The following services are provided in the portal. Locate your local government business requirements. Select Your County Johns County St. Different locations have different requirements. Steps to Opening In addition to state and local licensing, many business activities are also regulated by federal agencies.
Businesses within this category may also be required to obtain additional federal licenses, permits, registration, etc. It is recommended that you consult with a professional e. The U. Small Business Administration is an excellent resource for potential and current business owners seeking assistance navigating federal licensing requirements.
For more information on the Federal Government, please visit www. In most cases, you will need not need a license to import or export services or goods into or from the US. However, international transfer of certain goods may require a license, permit or certification. All items are subject to export control laws and regulations. For more information, please visit USA.
While efforts were made to verify that the content of this website is accurate and comprehensive, it is recommended that you consult with a professional e.
Print Checklist. Vending Machine Operators. When you have completed those steps, you may need to apply for a business license from one of these Florida agencies: Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services — water and ice vending machines Department of Business and Professional Regulation — vending machines that serve prepared food Business owners in this category may also wish to explore assistance offered by the Florida Department of Economic Opportunity.
Get Started The following represents your interactive licensing checklist for this business category. Business Registration. Sunbiz offers several methods in which information can be submitted to the DOS for filing. EIN Online Registration. New Hire Reporting Registration.
Working with the Child Support Program. Corporate Income Tax Liability. Reemployment Tax Registration. Sales and Use Tax Registration. Discretionary Sales Surtax local option county taxes. No additional registration is required. Vending Machine License. Self-service devices which dispense unit servings of potentially hazardous food, either in bulk or packaged, without the necessity of replenishing the device between each operation More info.
Ice Vending Machine Permit. Food Establishment Permit. Assistance Programs. Your business may qualify for various state or federal assistance programs.
A good place to start any search for information. Building Department and Contractor Licensing. Visit this webpage for application, registration and renewal of building contractor licenses, required to apply for building permits. Business Resources. The Business Resources section is designed to meet your business needs for information, assistance and support in one of the most dynamic innovation environments in the state of Florida.
It is designed as a virtual directory; connecting entrepreneurs and business owners with service providers, support organizations and programs. A key goal of the Chamber is to create and maintain an ecosystem that fosters economic growth and opportunity. The Chamber does this by creating initiatives and forging partnerships focused on advocacy for a stronger business climate.
The Chamber represents the interests of the business community on city, county, regional and state levels. Growth Management. Home Based Business Permits. This permit provides for the lawful use of a residence in conjunction with certain home based businesses as provided in the Alachua County Unified Land Development Code.
Businesses require the approval of the County Zoning Administrator and require a two-year renewal. Tobacco Visit this webpage for requirements and regulations pertaining to the sale of tobacco products in Alachua County. This activity require registration with County Growth Management.
Property Appraiser. The Property Appraiser is the elected official Constitutionally responsible for determining the just value of all real and tangible property in the county. The Property Appraiser's Office also administers the various property exemptions and maintains an extensive property information system available to the public.
Tax Collector. Tax Collectors participate in the management of the executive branches of state government which include the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles, and Department of Revenue. In most counties the Tax Collector is responsible for not only the collection of valorem taxes, which is the single largest tax collected in Florida, but also for the collection of other taxes at the local level such as business tax receipts formerly known as occupational licenses , taxes imposed by special levying districts and also taxes imposed by state agencies.
City Websites in Alachua. New businesses are encouraged to explore these websites for: Local business tax receipt, formerly called an occupational license, required by almost all local governments; Building permits, plan reviews and inspections; Code compliance and enforcement information; Planning and zoning; and Community and economic development opportunities. Chamber of Commerce.
We are always seeking opportunities to promote Baker County as a great place for business and industry.
If it's a large business with hundreds of employees or a small business with only a few, we are here to help. From finding the right location to working with government agencies for approvals, the Chamber staff can help. Community Development. The mission of the Community Development Department is to provide fair and equitable administration and enforcement of state and county building codes, as well as the County's Comprehensive Plan and Land Development Regulations as approved by the Board of County Commissioners; AND to do so in a manner that is courteous, respectful, and expedient for the citizens and property owners of Baker County.
Economic Development. The county borders the state of Georgia, is miles from the Florida Capital in Tallahassee, and 45 miles from the University of Florida in Gainesville. There are square miles in Baker County. The projected population is over 30, within five years. Macclenny, the county seat with a population of 5,, is expected to keep up with the county projection. North Florida Economic Development Partnership. Occupational Licenses. Local occupational licenses are required for most businesses and are issued by counties and cities.
If your business is located within the city limits of an incorporated municipality, a city license must be procured before a County license. In most counties the Tax Collector is responsible for not only the collection of valorem taxes, which is the single largest tax collected in Florida, but also for the collection of other taxes at the local level such as occupational license taxes, taxes imposed by special levying districts and also taxes imposed by state agencies.
City Websites in Baker. New businesses are encouraged to explore these websites for: Local business tax receipt, also called an occupational license, required by almost all local governments; Building permits, plan reviews and inspections; Code compliance and enforcement information; Planning and zoning; and Community and economic development opportunities.
Glen St. Builders Services. You cannot however use a thickened halved Em, because that is not available, being already used to represent plain MD. What people say when they are speaking carefully may be entirely different from their pronunciation in actual fast usage. Top of page 2. A lone stroke, thickened, halved and with shun hook is too indistinct to be reliable. The two strokes shown above represent identical sounds, and which to use depends on the convenience of the join.
If the word is derived from one that uses a hook i. Top of page Finally 1. The reason for this is not explained, but I am assuming it is to provide an extra differentiation between the two strokes. A non-theory suggestion would be to write "fiendish" with the Ish through the line. Compare with "misshape" above. If all the curves went the same way, the outline would be difficult to read and become illegible when written at speed.
Top of page Words of non-English origin Words of French origin often pronounce their longhand "ch" with the Ish sound, although the rest of the word generally accords with English pronunciation.
If you used Ish you would then have to change the past tenses to much longer outlines with full stroke Dee. SK: schema scholar schizophrenia schizanthus scherzo schism ischiatic eschatology scholium schooner Pasch paschal CH: escheat eschew kitsch klatsch 1. The dot represents the whole of the syllable — do not write an extra stroke M or N just because the longhand has two of that letter. The con dot is not omitted in the way that vowel dots are omitted at will.
With some stroke combinations chiefly after Pee Bee Tee Dee it may be possible to also indicate the vowel of the second part by writing that in position as well, but not at the expense of keeping the two close together.
Disjoining: writing the parts of an outline near to each other because a they cannot be joined satisfactorily, or b detaching a portion of the outline to signify another suffix, e.
Its name reflects the fact that the parts would be joined if they could, or were joined to start with. When using proximity, the outlines take their position from the first vowel of the word, as normal. In the following, the initial prefix is the first up or downstroke, so that is the one that takes its rightful position in regard to the line. The second half of the outline can also be in position according to its vowel, but only if a convenient outline results: decompose decompression decontaminate discontinue discomfort disconnect disconcerting ill-concealed ill-conceived ill-considered malcontent overconfident overcompensate preconceive preconception precondition recompense recommend recommendation reconcile reconnoitre recondite recombine recondition reconsider reconstruct recommit reconnect recommence subconscious subcommittee subcontract subcontinent well-conducted well-constructed well-connected well-concealed Top of page In the following, the initial prefix is a horizontal stroke.
The first up or downstroke comes somewhere after the con-, so that is the stroke that is written in position in regard to the line. Unlike the "medial con" words listed above, the con- word in such phrases must retain its correct position in regard to the ruled line. Sometimes the con- word cannot be placed clearly in the combination and is better written with the con dot: Clear combination: should commend, and command, on the committee, beyond the control Needs dot: should command, and commend, on the connection, beyond control, would complete When a vowel-sign short forms is part of a phrase, then proximity can be used because the con- word is being written near a stroke rather than just a floating dot or dash: for the conditions, in the committee, for all consumers, if you would consider Compare: The conditions The committee All consumers would consider If you decide to leave a larger-than-usual space between outlines in order to signify your future punctuation in the transcript, then clearly proximity is not possible.
It would not be appropriate anyway because it should only be used for words that run on easily as per normal phrasing rules and not where there is a natural gap or pause. As shorthand speed is helped by having reasonably compact notes rather than sprawling ones, it is important that only the clearest proximity phrases are used.
When in doubt, retain the dot for the con- word rather than risk a hesitation or unclear notes. Alternatives are given here because the shorthand dictionary does not reflect current pronunciation.
The prefix is joined only for "accommodation" and "accomplish" as those outlines are distinctive enough not to be mistaken for other words. As they are both nouns, adding Circle S to the short form would be ambiguous.
Top of page "Magnetism" etc in compound words: the contraction should not be joined, as that would not be clear. If the Em can be joined to the stroke before it, then use it for the "magne-" prefix.
Writing in full as shown is preferable to using the contraction, in order to avoid ambiguities about the endings, see asterisked note on "magnetics" above.
If the magn- ends with any vowel other than the short ones shown above, it is written using full strokes, and these are not prefixes anyway: magnum magnate magnolia magnesium magnesian magnesia magnesic An exception to the above rule is "magneto". The "magnet" words are derived from Magnesia, a region in Greece where magnetic rocks were first discovered in ancient history.
Top of page 4. As the outlines need to remain unvocalised for speed purposes and their position may not always be clearly written, repeating or changing the stroke is the most reliable way to ensure the difference is always obvious. Top of page c irr- Change Ray to Ar, as you would normally do when a vowel precedes the R sound: relevant irrelevant If that is not possible or convenient, add an Ar before the Ray.
Note that the first vowel is written before the Ar, and the following vowel is written after the Ray: radiate irradiate If the outline already uses Ar, then add another Ar to the beginning. Top of page 6. INTER- INTRO a Inter always uses doubled Em and can be vocalised, as per normal doubling rules: interpret interplay interfere interferometer interpolate interview intervene interval interchangeable interweave intertwine compare intwine entwine intercept intersect intercede intercessor interlace interlock interlink interlingual interlining interlunar interlinear Note: lunar linear international interzonal interbreed intersperse intercity interact interdependence interrelationship These do not repeat the R in the next syllable: interregnum interrogate interrupt Disjoin a following M lack of angle between strokes of different lengths or upward L to avoid an awkward join : intermittent intermarry intermix intermediate intermediary intermingle intermural intermezzo interleave interloper interlude intercommunicate intercom Note: interim has separate strokes, as the central vowel is somewhat slurred, and the alternative would be disjoining.
It therefore counts as a special unvocalised prefix, like magna-. As vowels are normally omitted, more distinction is needed. The latter may be faster as there are no pen lifts to slow down. Using doubling for both inter and intro relies on the fact that, apart from the two pairs above, they are mutually exclusive, thus avoiding clashes.
With normal words, the outline is written in 2nd position, to accord with the vowel in "self", but short forms and contractions retain their original position. The self circle is never omitted. Not used medially or finally for the word "self". Most of the time you will not be vocalising outlines and can place the circle right next to the stroke: self-opinionated self-employed self-sown If you have already completed the outline, and then decide you need to go back and insert the 2nd place vowel, placing it outside the self circle will still be readable, even though it is not the perfect textbook version.
Top of page b Self-con Write circle at the head of the stroke, to replace the con dot. Correction of the speaker's word-formation may not be appropriate in some circumstances. The Circle S at the end of some of the short forms above is only expressing the S sound, and is not being used as a joined "self circle".
An outline using the self circle prefix should not be phrased with the word before it. Going back to insert a circle would cause more delay and interruption to smooth flow of writing than is gained by phrasing. The circle is not used to represent the lone word "self" in phrases. The self circle cannot clash with intervening dot vowels against hooked strokes, as all of these are in first position. The rules are that a second place intervening dot vowel is never shown: self-praise person perspex parallel paragraph palpable If you need to emphasise just the word "self" then write it in full so that you can put a wavy line under it: He said self service, not health service!
Top of page 8. As the N is lightly sounded, it can be omitted and the outlines remain readable: Before P and M: transpose transpire transport transparent transplant transpacific transmit transmitter transmission transmute transmogrify transoceanic transhume transmigration also transnational but transept transom To allow hooks: transfer transference transgress but transverse to distinguish from "transfers" Stroke N and R hook both omitted in these: transcribe transcript transcription Before Ell: translate translation translator retranslate transliterate transalpine Top of page 9.
I am keeping to the latter in these pages as being the more up-to-date and quicker to write, although you are unlikely to need to insert that vowel sign: super super superabundance superannuate superannuation supernatural supernumerary supercharger supercilious superficial superfluous superman superhuman superimpose superlative supermarket supernova supersede supersonic superstition superstitious superstructure supervene supervise supervisor super-cooled super-tanker super-duper Supra Always insert the second vowel: supranational supralunar supramundane supra-orbital Note these not prefixes: superb superior supernal Top of page If a clash arose, a non-theory suggestion would be to either insert the con dot, or make the "mis-" disjoin by using the shorthand hyphen sign, so that any suggestion of "con" is excluded.
In such words the S sound is immediately followed by a consonant, and without the double S both longhand and shorthand , one would tend to read the second part as beginning with that consonant e.
Top of page Modern dictionaries seem not to differentiate the pronunciations of these 2 prefixes. Knowing the meanings of the prefixes is a great help in getting the spellings correct, although some of the words below may be encountered with variant spellings e. If you know what the words mean, keeping to the correct prefix for each meaning should keep your spelling of them on track and avoid the confusing variants that sometimes find their way into print.
Never uses the reversed FR. If you need to differentiate, then it is worthwhile learning both outlines. The version "forejudge" is probably the one most likely to be met in normal non-legal speech. Presumably the two ways of writing of "gather" provide additional differentiation. Most of the "for-" words have the accent on the second syllable, so the hooked form is more appropriate.
With "fore-" most are accented on the first syllable, making full strokes more appropriate. This helps to show where the accent lies, and so improves legibility, as well as providing additional distinction between the above pairs. Otherwise dot at end of stroke for -ing, dash for -ings, finally only. Occasionally halved Ess, down or upwards. Otherwise use Circle S.
Stroke Ess preferred in some names. Not vocalised if disjoined. Add Circle S as normal. The second method is a dot at the end point of the stroke, used where stroke Ing would be unclear, awkward or impossible to write. A dash, written at right angles to the end of the stroke, is used for the plural "ings". It is written with a forwards not backwards movement wherever possible. Vertical dashes are written downwards.
The dot and dash represent the whole syllable like the Con Dot does so they are deemed to include the I vowel. This means that a vowel that comes immediately before the "-ing" is shown plain as normal, and does not become a diphone or triphone. Stroke Ing is preferable to dot Ing. As the dot involves a pen lift and careful positioning, it is slightly slower than using the stroke. This is because there is a choice of methods, unlike when forming other derivatives and attachments e.
An outline may change to permit the joining of -ingly as well as some of the other prefixes because there is no choice of method to represent that particular suffix, see below.
The examples below fall into this category, and they take Dot Ing instead. The purpose is to preserve the readability of the outline and avoid ambiguity — if stroke Ing were used in these cases, one might try to read the Ing immediately after the consonant stroke before it, which would lead to errors in reading back e. The opposite is the case with "giving" where the V is not shown in the outline, and if you just added a stroke Ing, you might read it as some other word or think that you have written "going" out of position.
These short forms already represent the "ing" syllable: building according during owing b Contractions mostly use Dot Ing, for the same reason as with short forms above, i. Contractions are dealt with full in the Contractions section.
Top of page 3. An Ar may change to Ray to reflect the vowel that comes after, as well as to prevent the outline descending too far. This may possibly be to prevent a clash e. In a few instances this has to be written upwards and is the only instance of a stroke being written directly upwards. This is no problem, as, being half size, it is similar to writing the upward-travelling part of a Ses circle or Shun Hook.
Top of page 5. In these you should consider inserting the last vowel: actress benefactress tigress waitress actors benefactors tigers waiters I have avoided calling the root words the "male" version as they are commonly used to cover either or both, as many of the "-ess" variants are falling out of use or becoming more narrowed in their meaning. The following have to make an awkward change of curve direction, something avoided wherever possible.
The circle is written in the direction it would take if the two strokes were straight ones i. This formation is not used for "nism". The placement of disjoined strokes is much easier when no vowels are being written in.
A vowel before a contracted suffix sometimes has no stroke that it can be written to and so it is disregarded in those instances. Such vowels are underlined in the longhand throughout this page. Some of the suffixes are whole words in their own right, and the disjoined suffix can often be used in advanced phrases to represent those words — "fullness mental mentality ship shipment logical ability".
Such phrases are not recommended for those still learning the system, likely to produce more hesitation than speed. These phrases will be included in a future Phrasing page. In full where clearer. No need to disjoin. Ocasionally using stroke Ard In full where clearer or where necessary. The original direction of Ell is irrelevant for "-lessness", as there is no join to affect the choice: effortless effortlessness endless endlessness sunless sunlessness As the "-lessness" suffix is never vocalised, it need never clash with a "-less" that has had to be disjoined.
If necessary, you can put the vowel in "-less" as it is not a contracted suffix: friendless friendlessness Neither textbooks nor dictionary has any mention of the plural "-lessnesses" but it would be logical to change the Circle S of the suffix to a Ses Circle.
Also distinguishing outline dutifulness. Where the "-ment" cannot join, the outline or the suffix may change to enable a join. Keep the halved En short so it does not look like "atoning". As "atonement" and "attainment" share the same contracted outline, a non-dictionary suggestion would be to insert the O vowel for atonement, being the less common word. Where a final "-ment" cannot join satisfactorily, the M sound is omitted and only "-ent" is written.
This counts as a contracted suffix and is therefore is not vocalised; any third place vowel coming before the suffix must be written against the previous stroke. Register Login Language: English en. Register to contact people from your country living in Germany just like you! Dating site for Expats in Germany Finding love is a challenging quest even in your home country. Online dating guide for expats Living in Germany is an incredible opportunity to rediscover and reinvent yourself, including the romantic side of your life.
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